Medicines are among the most regulated products in society. From the earliest pre-clinical stages onward, policy makers want to foster the development of safe, effective and affordable medicines for patients in need of pharmacotherapy. When a drug reaches the market, it is the beginning of a process of complex interactions between patients, prescribers, insurers, pharmaceutical companies and governments. Furthermore, from a global perspective, the reality is that two billion people do not have access to essential medicines. The inequity in access to medicines is still a defining characteristic of the global pharmaceutical market place.

This course will cover these issues from a scientific, regulatory, public health and international policy perspective. As a collaborator on this course, WHO will provide faculty for several of the sessions.

Utrecht Summer School
Tel: +31 30 253 4400
Email: summerschool@uu.nl
Internet: http://www.utrechtsummerschool.nl/index.php?type=courses&code=M7

Are you a bachelor or master student in Nursing and interested in the international aspect of the nursing profession? Do you want to learn from nursing students from other countries? Do you want to cooperate professionally with nursing students from abroad as well as from the Hogeschool Utrecht, the University of Applied Sciences and Utrecht university? Do you want to study and taste the cultural differences at the same time? Are you prepared to follow a two-week intensive course in Utrecht, the centre of the Netherlands?

This summer school is an opportunity for you! You will collaborate with students and teachers of other countries, follow an intensive program, visit health care institutes and will be inspired by experienced teachers.

Aim: Using reflective approach students will engage in discussion, comparison and interpretation of the impact of macro, meso and micro factors on the delivery and experience of nursing care in the different countries which are present at the Summer School. Demonstrate ways of managing communication, conflict and ambiguity in a multi cultural setting. Manage oneself according to professional standards and codes of conduct within a multi cultural group. Demonstrate interest, respect and open mindedness in relation to competing ideologies and different cultural behaviors. Recognize the differences and similarities in professional nursing in other countries, taking into account dynamic social, cultural , spiritual, legal, political and economic factor. Explore the choice, application and effectiveness of nursing theories and conceptual frameworks in nursing education and practice in different settings. In this summer school students have the opportunity to view health care and nursing issues from many perspectives, learn about other cultures and by doing that: to learn about their own culture.

• € 775 - Course + course materials + housing
• € 300 - Course + course materials + housing (partners only)

Students from partner universities receive a discount of €350,00.

Pieterbas Lalleman
Tel: +31 (0)6 105 127 26 or +31 (0)30 258 53 12
Email: pieterbas.lalleman@hu.nl
Internet: http://www.utrechtsummerschool.nl/index.php?type=courses&code=M9

The objective of this two-week course is to provide the student with insight in the principles and important issues of environmental and occupational epidemiology. Topics that are covered include time series analyses, assessment of dose-response relationships using generalized additive models, retrospective cohort studies, ecological studies, (correction for) measurement error in exposure and interpretation of studies on mortality (life expectancy versus body counts).
Aim of the course:
* Illustrate epidemiological designs frequently used in environmental epidemiology and less in other applications of (clinical) epidemiology,
* Illustrate new designs for environmental exposure assessment,
* Illustrate the impact of measurement error in exposure on effect estimates,
* Provide practical training in performing specific epidemiological analyses.

• € 1800 - Course + course materials + housing
• € 1500 - Course + course materials

Ms. Mieke Lumens, IRAS
PO Box 80176
3508 TD Utrecht
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 (0)30 2539447
Fax: +31 (0)30 2535077
Email: education.iras@uu.nl
Internet: http://www.utrechtsummerschool.nl/index.php?type=courses&code=M11

With the prospect that innovative drug therapies will be introduced in the coming years, society demands new approaches and concepts for comparative risk/benefit evaluation. These evaluations are carried out once these therapies have been used widely in daily practice. Assessment of safety and risk management of different drug therapies is done in the framework of observational epidemiological studies (proof of "safety", proof of "effectiveness"). This is the logical next step after randomized clinical trials, which are designed to provide evidence of a drugs "efficacy".
The course will cover key issues in pharmacoepidemiologic and drug safety research. Special topics include databases and molecular pharmacoepidemiology. All course teachers have extended expertise in the design and conduct of pharmacoepidemiologic studies.

What to Expect?
You will experience an intensive programme covering the following topics:
- Study Design and Methods
- Confounding and other biases
- Methods in drug safety research
- Drug Safety and Risk Management
- Overview of Pharmacoepidemiological databases
- Molecular Pharmacoepidemiology
- Drug utilization research
- Synthesis, case studies & public health

• € 1075 - Course + course materials + housing
• € 900 - Course + course materials

Utrecht Summer School
Tel: +31 30 253 4400
Email: summerschool@uu.nl
Internet: http://www.utrechtsummerschool.nl/index.php?type=courses&code=M8

Emergency Medicine is a new and growing medical specialty that is rapidly developing in many countries worldwide. Focused on the recognition, stabilization and treatment of life- and limb-threatening conditions, emergency medicine and international emergency medicine development focus on providing high-quality emergency care to the people who need the most: people with life-threatening injuries or medical conditions. WHO public health data reveal that non-communicable diseases – namely trauma, cardiovascular disease, stroke and cancer – have surpassed traditional communicable diseases as the single largest causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, for the first time in history. These and other data reveal that there is worldwide need for EM, trauma care and its proven benefits.

Course Aim:
1. Clinical Emergency Medicine
* Recognize life-threatening emergency conditions
* Begin resuscitation and life-saving emergency medicine treatments
* Recognize and treat acute emergency conditions in many clinical areas.
NOTE: This course includes clinical observation in the emergency department

2. International Emergency Medicine (IEM)
* Understand states of emergency medicine development in other countries
* Understand local, national and IEM development patterns and strategies
* Participate in IEM project development
* Recognize and formulate educational and development projects.

• € 1100 - Course + housing
• € 800 - Course

Scholarships are available for medical students from the following partner institutions: • University of Muhimbili, Tanzania • University of Stellenbosch, South-Africa • University of Buenos Aires, Argentina • University of California San Diego, USA • University of Toronto, Canada • University of Malaya, Malaysia • University of Brisbane, Australia • Flinders University, Australia For more information on the scholarships, please contact Maggy Ovaa
(E m.ovaa@umcutrecht.nl, +31 88 75 51339).

Maggy Ovaa
Tel: +31 (0)88 75 51339
Email: E m.ovaa@umcutrecht.nl
Internet: http://www.utrechtsummerschool.nl/index.php?type=courses&code=M30